Process for producing composite piles



" QINVENTOYRS.

y fl/[Sywra-fl/linmpi BY Z'TTORN Patented Mar. 14, 1922.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 1 1921.

H E SQUIRE AND H NEWSOM PROCESS'FOR PRODUCING COMPOSITE PlLES. I

UNETED s AT s rAr Nr orrics.

HARRY E. saunas, or OAKLAND, ANDHENRY NEWSOM, or SAN FRANCISCO, CALI.

- roan-IA.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, HARRY E. S UrRn and HENRY NnwsoN, citizens of theUnited States, and residents, respectively, of the city of Oakland,-county of Alameda, State of (lalifornia and the'city and county of SanFrancisco, State of California, have invented a new and usefulImprovement in Processes for Producing Composite Piles, of which thefollowing isa specification.

Our invention relates to processes for producing composite piles of thetype comprising a wooden core and an outer casing of concrete desi ed toprotect the core from the attacks og marine borers. I

It has been the practice heretofore to produce-such piles either bycasting the con crete coating on the .core while on land, or by pouringthe concrete while iii a plastic state into a form or mould placed aboutthe core after it is driven in place.

"Although it is possible by the use of the first mentioned process toproduce the grade of concrete necessary to withstand the disintegratingeffects of salt water, still the method'is not practical because of thegreat cost occasioned by the labor and care required in handling anddriving, due to weight and danger of breakage, and because of the delayand loss of time caused by the necessity of allowing the concretecoating 'to set and harden on land for thirty tofortyfive days beforehandling is possible,

-While some of the difliculties attendant upon the first processmentioned above are eliminated in the second'one mentioned, still thesecond method is subject to an even more serious difiiculty, namely thatof the -practical impossibility of so casting the concreteabout the pilewhen driven in place ,in the water as -to secure with certainty anduniformity a grade of concrete, particularly near the bottom end thereofand at the mud line, which will resist the disintegrating effects ofsalt water. This result is due to the fact that the property of concretewhich makes it resistant to sea water is density and imperviousness topercolation of water.

This property can rarely if ever'beobtained with certainty anduniformity under. the conditions above mentioned because to do so it isnecessary to eliminate all excess water from the concrete while in itsplastic state and subject it to thorough tamplng or other form whilestill Specification of Letters Patent. P t t -Q1 2 Application med March17, 192 1.

Serial 110.453.,1494

ties by provi g a process of applying the only be economical andexpeditious, but will also produce a coating composed of concrete whichwill have the peculiar qualities necessary to resist the disintegratingeffect of. salt appear hereinafter.

The foregoing objects are accomplished by placing asuitable removableform about the core while still above water,

closing said form at the bottom by a collar secured to the core andarranged to fit within and'to supthe lower end of the form,

port and seal pouring concrete in a'plastic state into said above water,and then striking the pile with a pile driver hammer thereby compactingthe concrete and driving the pile. hus excess water is excluded from theplastic concreteby means of the closed form and by the fact that saidconcrete is poured while above water. subjecting the plastic concrete tothe thorough tamping caused by the impact of" the iledriver hammer uponthe upper end of t e core, a at deal of the water originally containe inthe concrete is worked out and a remarkable degree of compactness anddensity obtained.

A preferred method ofcarrying out the invention'is exemplified in thefollowing description and illustrated in the accompanyin drawing inwhich' I igure 1 1s a front elevation of a pile about to be driven intoplace, the form and coating being shown in cross-section.

Figure 2 is 'a similar view of the pile when driven into place.

Figure 3- is' asimilar view, the removable t1on is to solve the aboveindicated difliculconcrete coating to the core which will not water.Further objects of theinvention will Moreover, by

form having been taken off after the concrete coating has set.

' I Figure 4 is an elevation of the lc wer end of then secured to core10 above the water line 21. Collar-12 is preferably made of concrete andformed in a. plurality of segments as shown in Figure 5, which are heldtogether by one or more iron bands or bolts 19 passing through thesegments and having one or more nuts or turnbuckles 20, whereby saidband or bolt may be tightened in a manner to cause the segments of thecollar to firmly clamp the core 10. To increase the effectiveness of theconnection of collar 12 to core 10 we employ a seal of plaster of Paris13 applied between [the inner side of collar 12 and the core 10.

The position of collar 12 on core 10 depends entirely upon the length ofconcrete coating which it is desired to apply to the core 10, itsposition preferably being such that when the pile is driven into placethe collar and the end of the casing Wlll be at the desired distancebelow the mud line 22.

A removable form 15, which may be either cylindrical as shown, or" ofany other desired shape, is placed about core 10, its lower end beingfitted into the recess in the upper edge of collar 12. Form 15 may be ofany desired material. Suitable reinforcing members 14 having been placedabout core 10 before the placing of form 15, concrete 17, in a plasticcondition is then poured into form 15, while said form is still abovewater. Z-shaped dogs 16 are then driven into core 10, their lower armsbearing on the upper edge of form 15 in a.manner to hold it in place.Blows from hammer 18 are now applied to the upper end of core 10,driving same into'place at the same time compacting concrete 17 by thesuccessive impacts thus given to it, and shaking out of it all excesswater. It is to be noted that by means of the effective sealing of thebottom of form 15 provided by collar 12 andplaster of Paris 13, no seawater or mud of any kind is admitted to the form to impair the qualityof concrete 17.

, Once core 10 is thus driven into place and concrete 17 has set, form15 may be left in 7 place as part of the total structure, but said formis preferably made removable so as to be used over and over again. Theform 15 may be made removable in any well known manner, as byconstructing .it in two longitudi nal halves as shown in 4, said halvesbeing held together by any suitable fastening means such as that shownin conventional form at 23. Form 15 should only be removed afterconcrete 17 has set, thus leaving the core 10 witha coating ofthoroughly compacted concrete extending from below the mud line to abovethe water surface.-

In situations where it would be desirable to place core 10 in positionby jetting-that is by the common practice of using a stream of water atthe end of core 10 to displace the bottom and admit the pile, thecompacting of concrete 17 may be accomplished by impact directed againstthe sides of form 15 while above water, said impact being delivered byblows from a hammer, or any suitable means.

When it is desired to place extra long piles, it is found to bemoreconvenient to cast the concrete coating in sections,-that is, after onesection of coating has been applied as described above, the same processis repeated on the same core directly above the coating already cast,the upper end of the previously cast section fulfilling the functionperformed by. collar 12 in the casting of the first section.

-Havingth1is described our invention:

'. what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is: V

1. The method of casting a protective coating on piles which consists inplacing the coatin material while in a plastic state, in a. form a outthe pile above water, and driving 1 0 the pile while said coatingmaterial is still plastic.

2. The method of casting a; protective coating on piles which consistsin placing the coating material while in a plastic state in a form aboutthe pile, and compacting said coating by blows applied tothe pile.

. 3. An apparatus for applying a coating of concrete to piles, duringdriving which comprises a removable forni'" surrounding 11 said ile, thelower end of said form being close and supported upon a collar comprisina plurality of segments clamped to said ie, and means at the upper endof said orm to secure said form to the pile, said 11 means beingarranged to permit the admission ofI plastic concrete between the formand t e ie.

4. The method of casting a protective coating on piles which conslsts inplacing 12c I pile above water and drivin the pile into place; therebycompacting t e plastic con? crete'.'

6.. .The; method bi producing a composite pile 1 which 'jco nsis ts inplacing concrete a; plastic state in a form-abouflmwooden' core, clsingthe space. betweenthe-lower end of the form and the-wooden tore-and i'then driving .thecor'e with the form containi'ng the plas't-ic concreteinto POSitiOIL-f- '7 1' fThe method of applying a protective 'coa tingofconcrete to a pile',-Which consistsinsecuring'a collar to the pile,placing aform! about: said pile wit-1'11 its lower endclosedi-by--andsupported' upon said collar,

' fillin saidiform with plastic concrete, and

- 10. The method of placing a composite strik ng'sai-d pile-iii amannerto simultaney same and compact the con-Crete in the 'form.;I-""'f11i- I fv 8. The methodpffapp-lying a protective coatinghf'cdhcrte toa: pile, which 'con sists in securing a-colIa'r' to thepile placing aform about "said p-ilewvith its lower and closed bysaid collar, fillingsaid form With plastic concrete and striking said pile in a.ments,'.=and imeans to clam collar the pile.'

pile which consists in partially driving a wooden 1 core place, securinga collar 1 to said .core abo've'the' water line; placing a form 'about's'a-id ,Icore 'withits j lower end;

plastic conc-rete iihen driving said'core until which the pile is beingdriven. -11.' An apparatus for applyng a coating the collar contactswith the material into- ,of'lconcrete to a pile which comprises a' fformsurrounding the plle removablemeans to secure said form to said pile,and means. to closethe space between the lowerend of said form and thepile,- said means compris- 4 0 closed by said collar, filling saidform'- with ing a collar-composed of a plurality of segments ofconcret'e,'a* band cast in said'seglments and a'turnbuckle in said bandat'the opposlte side-of said collar. 1

' 12. In alt-apparatus of the character described, a concrete collarcomposed of segtogether for the purpose escribed. v

=13. An'apparatus for applying a coating of concrete to a pile durindriving'vvhich comprises a form surroundlng the "pile, removable-meansto secure said form to said pile and prevent movement of said form saidsegments f relatively to said pile, and means to close the space betweenthe lower end of said form and the pile; said means comprising acollarcomposed of a plurality-of segments and means to clamp all of saidwsegmentsf against the pile in. a manner to secure the HARRY E. .SQUIRE;HENRY NEWSOM.

